Endometriosis

What is Endometriosis?
Endometriosis is a condition where tissue, similar to the lining in the uterus, grows in other areas of the body.

The Female reproductive system includes the vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. During a normal menstrual cycle, the ovaries make chemicals called hormones, which signal the lining of the uterus to thicken. The lining called the endometrium builds up to prepare to receive a fertilized egg. The uterus sheds the lining through the vagina if the egg isn’t fertilized. This monthly bleeding is called the Menstrual cycle.

In endometriosis, the lining-type tissue grows outside the uterus for reasons that aren’t clear. The misplaced tissue responds to the hormones just like it would if it were inside the uterus. The tissue continues to thicken, then sheds, and bleeds with every menstrual cycle. However, the blood and tissue that are shed outside the uterus have no way to leave the body. The trapped endometrial flow can irritate the surrounding area causing inflammation and pain.

What complications are caused by Endometriosis?
Bands of scar tissue, called Adhesions, may form, sticking one organ to another or causing the fallopian tubes to close. This can affect fertility, which is the ability to become pregnant.
Endometriosis can form Endometriomas, also known as Chocolate cysts. These cysts are fluid-filled sacs on the ovaries that can affect fertility.

What are the common sites of Endometriosis?
The most common sites for endometriosis are the ovaries, fallopian tubes, the outside of the uterus, the supporting structures around the uterus, and the lining of the pelvis, called the peritoneum.
Other sites include the bladder, rectum, and intestines.

What are the signs of Endometriosis?
Endometriosis usually gives the following signs and symptoms: chronic usually worsening central pelvic pain, pain before or during periods, pain during sex felt deep within the pelvis, painful urination during periods, painful bowel movements during periods, abnormal bleeding, diarrhea, constipation, or nausea, and difficulty getting pregnant called infertility.

How Endometriosis can be Diagnosed?
Endometriosis can be diagnosed clinically: with the help of symptoms. However, an ultrasound scan is helpful in confirmation of the disease. Sometimes, laparoscopy is to be performed to diagnose this condition.

What is Endometriosis Treatment?
Regarding treatment options, endometriosis can be managed conservatively and surgically.
Conservative options include the use of painkillers such as aspirin, acetaminophen, mefenamic acid, etc. to control pain.
Hormone therapy, such as birth control pills, can prevent monthly endometrial buildup and bleeding.

The Surgical procedures include removal or destruction of endometrial tissue, removal of adhesions and scar tissue, removal or drainage of cysts, removal or destruction of nerve fibers that transmit pain, removal of the uterus, called a hysterectomy, or removal of the ovaries, called an oophorectomy.

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